只记职场高频用法,点到为止,能快速回顾、够用就行,偶尔用错不影响沟通

名词

  • 分类:普通/专有名词、可数/不可数(不用死记,结合场景判断)
  • 冠词核心:特指加the,泛指单数加a/an,复数/专有/泛指概念不加

代词

人称代词(主格→作主语;宾格→作宾语)

主格 宾格
I/we me/us
you you
he/she him/her
they/it them/it

物主代词(形容词性→接名词;名词性→单独用)

形容词性 名词性 例句参考
my/our mine/ours This is my PC = It’s mine
your yours Your plan = Yours
his/her/its his/hers/its Its data = its
their theirs Their project = Theirs

其他高频代词

  • 名词所有格:Mike’s PC(有生命的直接加’s,职场够用)
  • 指示代词:this/these(近)、that/those(远)
  • 不定代词:some/any;many/a few(可数)、much/a little(不可数);either…or… (二选一)/neither…nor…(两个都不);each other(两三者以上)

形容词

  • 核心:more/most 够用,主要修饰名词
  • 例句:This method is more safe than the other one.

介词

  • 核心:前置词,提供时间/空间/方式等附加信息,不单独存在,记“动词/形容词+介词”搭配即可

副词

  • 核心:修饰动词/形容词/句子,控制语气、表达逻辑、说明程度/频率

沟通语气(避免冒犯)

  • Honestly/Ideally/Actually/Critically(表达态度/强调)
  • In addition(递进)

逻辑关系

  • Therefore(结论,推进共识)

程度/频率

  • usually/effectively(日常高频)

常用搭配

  • As(作为/随着,职场高频引导)

动词

谓语动词(有时态/语气)

  • 现在完成时:We’ve finalized the API Spec.
  • 虚拟语气:If we used Kafka here, latency would drop by 30%.

系动词:be动词(表赋值)

助动词:辅助谓语(have/don’t/can等)

  • 例句:I have done it. / I don’t think so. / I can kill the process.

非谓语动词(简化从句,记固定搭配)

  • 核心:介词后加动名词;不定式/动名词/分词(记不规则动词)

例句:
We decided to migrate to AWS.
Deploying without tests is risky.
His job is teaching English.

The talk was interesting. I’m interested in this project.
A sleeping baby, and a broken window.

当分词短语放名词后相当于一个定语从句,优势:简化定语从句
The man standing (= who is standing) there is my teacher.
The book written (= which was written) by him is popular.

独立主格做状语
通过 名词/代词+非谓语成分构成的独立结构,本身不是句子,用来修饰主句,描述背景/原因/条件

当分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语时:
The deadline approaching, the team is working around the work.

当分词的逻辑主语是句子主语时,不需要自带“主语”:
Hearing the good news, she jumped with joy.

简单句与从句

简单句(主+谓核心,5类够用)

  1. 主语+不及物谓语:Baby Sleep
  2. 主语+及物谓语+宾语:Baby like mother
  3. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:She teaches you english
  4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补:She consider you smart
  5. 主语+系动词+表语:She is beautiful.

从句(主句+引导词+从句,主从时态一致)

  • 主语从句:It’s obvious that the rabbit ate the carrot.
  • 宾语从句:I think that we’ll have plenty of time.
  • 定语从句:She ate the largest carrot that I bought. (从句做定语都后置)/The rabbit ate the carrot, which was not surprising.(非限定性定语从句)
  • 表语从句:The problem is that the baby is hungry.
  • 状语从句:If we don’t add rate limiting, the API will be abused. (用一个完整句子来干副词的活)

如何看长难句

分析长难句的方法:
先通过标点,连接词分析主谓结构:
通过连接词和标点断开句子
通过连接词找到从句,通过谓语动词找到每一个主句
先看主句,去修饰,把握核心意思
然后观察修饰部分是修饰那个句子成分
非谓语动词,从句,介词短语等是修饰那个句子成分的(名词or动词),注意就近原则
意思群,一个长句子表达的一个综合的意思,划分一个为意思群

如何造句

6
时间 When
1
主 Who/Which/What
2
谓 action(v.+v.变化)
3
宾 Who/Which/What
4
方式 How
5
地点 Where
6
时间 When
时间
When

Who
Which
What

action
(v.+v.变化)

Who
Which
What
方式
How
地点
Where
时间
When
网: v.+v.变化 结合习惯用法
四句型转换 其他单词+词性
方式/地点/时间 原文摘抄+变
6123456

V变化:动词的时态与情态
四句型转换:肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,There be,系表
其他单词+词性:对不同词性和其他单词进行组合